Levy Videos of hemostasis of an actively check details bleeding gastric Dieulafoy lesion, hemostasis of an actively bleeding duodenal ulcer, carbon dioxide–based cryotherapy of diffuse gastric antral vascular ectasia, radiofrequency ablation of gastric antral vascular ectasia, animation of the OverStitch endoscopic suturing device, and OverStitch suture closure of endoscopic submucosal dissection defect accompany this article Several new devices and innovative adaptations of existing modalities have emerged as primary, adjunctive, or rescue therapy in endoscopic hemostasis of gastrointestinal hemorrhage. These techniques include over-the-scope clip devices, hemostatic sprays, cryotherapy, radiofrequency ablation, endoscopic suturing, and endoscopic

ultrasound–guided angiotherapy. This review highlights the technical aspects and clinical applications of these devices in the context of nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Sujal M. Nanavati Since the 1960s, interventional radiology has played a role in the management of gastrointestinal

bleeding. What began primarily as a diagnostic modality has evolved into much more of a therapeutic tool. And although the frequency find more of gastrointestinal bleeding has diminished thanks to management by pharmacologic and endoscopic methods, the need for additional invasive interventions still exists. Transcatheter angiography and intervention is a fundamental step in the algorithm for the treatment of gastrointestinal bleeding. Philip Wai Yan Chiu and James Yun Wong Lau Management of bleeding peptic ulcers is increasingly challenging in an aging population. Endoscopic therapy reduces the need for emergency surgery in bleeding peptic ulcers. Initial endoscopic control offers an opportunity for selecting high-risk ulcers for potential early preemptive surgery. However, such an approach has not been supported by evidence Lepirudin in the literature. Endoscopic retreatment can be an option to control ulcer rebleeding and reduce complications. The success of endoscopic retreatment largely depends on the severity of rebleeding and ulcer characteristics. Large chronic ulcers with urgent bleeding are less likely to respond to endoscopic

retreatment. Expeditious surgery is advised. Sumit Kumar, Sumeet K. Asrani, and Patrick S. Kamath Acute variceal bleeding (AVB) is a potentially life-threatening complication of cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Combination therapy with vasoactive drugs and endoscopic variceal ligation is the first-line treatment in the management of AVB after adequate hemodynamic resuscitation. Short-term antibiotic prophylaxis, early resuscitation, early use of lactulose for prevention of hepatic encephalopathy, targeting of conservative goals for blood transfusion, and application of early transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts in patients with AVB have further improved the prognosis of AVB. This article discusses the epidemiology, diagnosis, and nonendoscopic management of AVB. Jawad A.