2) < 0.001 a , 0.003 b H1 (N = 14) 14 (53.8) 0 (0) < 0.001 a , < 0.001 c Hx (N = 33) 12 (46.2) 21 (53.8) < 0.001 c , 0.003 b Abbreviators: H-: nonmotile strains; H1: motile and H1 flagellar type; Hx: motile and any flagellar type except H1. a significance between H- and H1; b significance

between H- and Hx; c significance between H1 and Hx. Figure 3 Mean SBF index of motile and nonmotile find more strains irrespectively of their AIEC phenotype. SBF indices were higher in motile strains, especially H1 serotypes, than nonmotile strains. H-: nonmotile strains; H1: motile and H1 flagellar type; Hx: motile and any flagellar type except for H1. To determine whether motility and AIEC-like phenotype were intrinsically related factors, the frequency of motile Palbociclib order and nonmotile strains within AIEC and non-AIEC strains was calculated. Although the majority of AIEC strains were motile (81.5%), no significant differences

were observed in comparison to non-AIEC strains (65.8%). Moreover, no interaction among these factors was detected by applying a factorial ANOVA. Therefore, motility and adherence/invasion selleck chemicals capacity were independent factors associated with biofilm formation. Serogroups associated with higher biofilm producing abilities As shown in Figure 4, O83, followed by O22, showed the highest mean SBF indices. Regardless the AIEC phenotype and origin of the strains (intestinal or extraintestinal and non-IBD or CD associated), all the strains of O22 and O83 serogroup were found to be moderate-strong biofilm producers. Figure 4 Mean SBF index of the strains classified by their serogroup. White bars: Serogroups with mean SBF that falls into ‘weak’ biofilm formation category. Grey bars: Serogroups with mean SBF that falls into ‘moderate’ biofilm formation category.

Black bars: Serogroups with mean SBF that falls into ‘strong’ biofilm formation category. The serotype of those E. coli strains that showed different biofilm formation category than the mean SBF for the serogroup is specified: 1: Only AIEC17 (ONT:HNT) strain was classified as ‘moderate’ biofilm producer (M). 2: Nonmotile ECG-041 (O2:H-) strain was classified as ‘weak’ biofilm producer (W). 3: Three strains with O6:H31 serotype were classified as ‘weak’ biofilm producers, whereas strains with O6:H1, O6:H5 and O6:HNT ADP ribosylation factor serotypes were ‘moderate’ or ‘strong’ biofilm producers. 4: Nonmotile ECG-054 (O14:H-) was ‘weak’ biofilm producer (W). 5: Three strains were ‘moderate’ (O22:H1) and 4 strains ‘strong’ (O22:H1, O22:H7, and O22:H18) biofilm producers. 6: AIEC08 (O25:H4) was classified as ‘weak’ biofilm producer. Other serogroups with mean SBF that fell into the ‘moderate’ category were: O2, O6, O14, O18, O25, O159, and O166. However, some strains that were unable to form biofilms were detected amongst these serogroups. For some serogroups such as O2 and O14 those strains classified as weak biofilm producers were particularly those nonmotile O2/O14 strains.