pneumoniae antibodies, Pab(rP1-I), Pab(rP1-II), Pab(rP1-III), or Pab(rP1-IV (1:500 dilutions) were added and were incubated for 1 h at 37°C. Wells were washed subsequently

and later 100 μl of secondary fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG (whole molecule, 1:100 dilutions) (Santa Cruz Biotech, USA) was added. The cells were washed twice in PBS before and after the addition of antibodies. Cells were subsequently incubated with Evans Blue diluted 1:10 for 30 min at 37°C. Finally the cells were washed with double distilled water. M. pneumoniae adhesion inhibition assay For the adhesion inhibition assay, protocol developed by Svenstrup et al. was followed [14]. click here Briefly, the M. pneumoniae suspension (50 μl) was pre-incubated for 2 h at 37°C with 50 μl of anti-M. pneumoniae PX-478 mw antibodies, Pab (rP1-I), Pab (rP1-II), Pab (rP1-III) or Pab (rP1-IV) in different dilutions (1:50, 1:100, 1:200 and 1:500) before incubation of the HEp-2 cells. The M. pneumoniae -antibodies suspension (100 μl) was then added to the HEp-2 cells together with 1 ml of RPMI with penicillin and incubated overnight in 5% CO2 at 37°C. Fixation and addition of secondary antibodies were carried-out as described in the adhesion of M. pneumoniae. To further confirm the adhesion inhibition, the assay was performed as mentioned above except that DAPI was added at the end of the assay for further 30 min at room temperature. M. pneumoniae surface

exposure assay To detect M. pneumoniae surface protein, the primary antibodies were added before methanol fixation. Otherwise, the procedure Staurosporine chemical structure was the same as described for the M. pneumoniae adhesion assay. Indirect immunofluorescence

microscopy (IFM) Samples prepared for M. pneumoniae adhesion assay, M. pneumoniae adhesion inhibition assay and M. pneumoniae surface exposure assay were analyzed by IFM using Olympus BX51upright fluorescence microscope. Before microscopy analysis, a drop of anti-fade solution (p-phenyldiamine dihydrochloride 1 μg ml−1 in PBS 10% and glycerol 90%, pH 9.0) was placed between the glass cover slips and the slides. Acknowledgments This work was supported by Indian Council of H 89 datasheet Medical Research, New Delhi for financial grant (File No. 5/3/3/9/2003-ECD-I) and Senior Research Fellowship to Bishwanath Kumar Chourasia (ICMR File No. 80/576/2007-ECD-1). We thank Mr. Promod Kumar for his assistance in M. pneumoniae culture. Electronic supplementary material Additional file 1: Immune response of P1 protein fragment rP1-I in rabbits. Bar diagram showing immune responses in four different White New Zealand rabbits immunized with purified recombinant protein fragment, rP1-I with complete/incomplete Freund’s adjuvant. Control rabbits were injected with complete/incomplete Freund’s adjuvant in normal saline according to the immunization schedule. (TIFF 29 KB) Additional file 2: Western blot analysis of recombinant P1 protein fragments with rabbits pre-bleed sera.