The hyaluronidases 17-AAG manufacturer can be subdivided into three types [15]: 1) hyaluronate-4-glycanohydrolases (EC 3.2.1.35), that are present in mammalian spermatozoa, lysosomes and the venoms of various insects and snakes; 2) hyaluronate-3-glycanohydrolases (EC 3.2.1.36), that are produced by leeches and some hookworms and 3) bacterial hyaluronidases or hyaluronate lyases (EC 4.2.2.1 or EC 4.2.99.1). Commonly used hyaluronidases are the partially purified bovine and ovine testicular ones. In spite of such a wide employment of both HA and Hy, only a few studies

have been conducted to assess their possible combined effects, if any, on protechnological or probiotic bacteria. Based on the survey of Ardizzoni et al. (2011) [8], focused on the inhibitory effect of HA on a group of pathogenic bacteria and fungal strains, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of HA on potential probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB). Results and discussion LAB engraftment within human gut has been the main challenge of last decade. However, well standardized click here procedures to achieve a long lasting engraftment

still lack. This study, has been focused upon HA- Hy – LAB interaction to promote bacterial engraftment and feeding in order to enhance and prolong their beneficial effects. Firstly, the antimicrobial effect of HA was evaluated by MIC test in MRS agar. Among strains listed in Table 1, no one proved to be inhibited by HA even at a concentration of 4 mg ml-1. pH values of HA dilutions ranged from 6.5 to 7.6, corresponding to an HA concentration of 4 and 0.0625 mg ml-1, respectively. Moreover, when Lactobacillus (Lb.) rhamnosus LbGG cells Etoposide price were exposed, for 30 min, to different levels of HA (4–0.0625 mg ml-1) a slight increase (about 0.5 log CFU ml-1) in microbial counts was recorded (data

not shown). In other words, high molecular weight HA did not exert any antimicrobial activity when tested on several LAB strains, but, on contrary, it seemed to enhance the bacterial viability. Table 1 Strains used in this study and source of isolation Taxon Strain Source Reference Lb. rhamnosus LbGG American Type Culture Collection ATCC53103 Lb. casei 491 Provolone del Monaco Fludarabine datasheet cheese [16] Lb. casei 496 Provolone del Monaco cheese [16] Lb. pentosus OM13 Table olives [17] Lb. rhamnosus VT1 Parmigiano Reggiano cheese [18] Lb. rhamnosus RBM526 Parmigiano Reggiano cheese [18] Lb. rhamnosus RBT739 Parmigiano Reggiano cheese [18] St. macedonicus 67 Provolone del Monaco cheese [19] St. thermophilus 309 Provolone del Monaco cheese [19] St. thermophilus 247 Provolone del Monaco cheese [19] St.