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magnetoimpedance effect. YZ wrote the main part of the manuscript. QFL and JBW supervised the whole study. All authors discussed the results and implications and commented on the manuscript at all stages. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.”
“Background Band theory was first used to study the band structure of graphene over half a century ago [1], and it demonstrated that graphene is a semimetal with unusual linearly dispersing electronic excitations CYTH4 called Dirac electron. Such linear dispersion is similar to photons which cannot be described by the Schrödinger equation. In the vicinity of the Dirac point where two bands touch each other at the Fermi energy level, the Hamiltonian obeys the two-dimensional (2D) Dirac equation [2] as with v F being the Fermi velocity, the Pauli matrices, and the momentum operator. In graphene, the Fermi velocity v F is 300 times smaller than the speed of light. Hence, many unusual phenomena of quantum electrodynamics can be easily detected because of the much lower speed of carriers [3]. Within the framework of tight-binding approximation, the Fermi velocity v F is proved to be dependent on both the PF477736 ic50 lattice constant and the hopping energy. In fact, the hopping energy is also associated with the lattice constant. Thus, the Fermi velocity of Dirac cone materials might be tunable through changing the corresponding lattice constant.