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ferromagnetism in Mn-doped dilute ZnO semiconductor: an electronic structure study using X-ray ARRY-438162 photoemission. J Alloys Compd 2009, 477:379–385.CrossRef Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Authors’ contributions BSK and SL designed and planned the experiments. BSK performed powder and nanowire synthesis and measurements. BSK, SL, and SYJ performed data analysis and interpretation. WKK, JHP, and YCC assisted with sample characterization and contributed to measurement discussions. JK, CRC, and SYJ wrote the manuscript with help from the co-authors. All authors discussed the results and reviewed the manuscript. All authors
read and approved the final manuscript.”
“Background Nowadays, the rapid development of microfluidic/nanofluidic systems has been seen in many applications such as fluid mixing [1, 2], drug delivery [3], ion transporters [4], and DNA translocators [5]. The micro/nanochannels are the key components in the microfluidic/nanofluidic systems. Recently, more complex nanochannels (e.g., with some Cediranib (AZD2171) nanostructures at the bottom) are designed to study the influences on the flowing characteristic of fluid in the nano/microchannels [2]. The successful fabrication of these micro/nanochannels urgently needs to be solved. At present, the nanochannel fabrication methods mainly include focused ion beam milling [5], nanoimprint lithography [6], electron beam drilling [7], and wet chemical etching [8]. However, the complexity and/or cost of these methods greatly restrict the nanochannel fabrication, especially for the nanochannel with complex nanostructures at the bottom. Since atomic force microscopy (AFM) was invented, the AFM tip-based nanomachining method had emerged as one of the essential technologies for nanostructure fabrication [9]. A lot of works have already been carried out to fabricate nanochannels on the surfaces of different kinds of materials using this method [10–15]. For example, Zhang et al. [13] presented an AFM-based high-rate tunable nanolithography technique to scratch nanochannels on PMMA surfaces. Kawasegi et al.