The strain was grown in 0.01% arabinose, analogously to the depletion experiments with TB80 and TB84, washed in LB supplemented with glucose and selleck transferred onto an agar pad consisting of LB agar with 0.4% glucose. The level of GFP fluorescence decreased rapidly and approached the level of background fluorescence

when cells reached generation 4. (PDF 107 KB) Additional File 4: Movie 3. TB80 (ppGpp + ) growing on Epacadostat chemical structure LB agar with 0.4% glucose. 150 frames (one frame per two minutes) were compressed into 15 seconds. This movie was used to extract the growth dynamics shown in Figure 2 and 3. (MOV 3 MB) Additional File 5: Figure S2: Lineage trees of microcolonies of A) MG1655 growth and B) YgjD depletion. After tracking of individual cells across recorded images with “”Schnitzcell”", the lineage structure of a microcolony can be derived. In such a lineage tree, the branch length corresponds to the time interval between divisions, and division events occur at branching points. The different colors depict the color code used for cells from different generations selleck kinase inhibitor throughout all figures. The dots at the end of individual branches

represent the time points where individual physiological measurements (cell size and fluorescent intensity) were derived from. (PDF 179 KB) Additional File 6: Figure S3: Depletion of essential genes induces unique phenotypes. Time-lapse experiments of cells depleting for fldA, ffh and dnaT (see Additional Files 7, 8 and 9 – movies 4, 5 and 6) were tracked, and the cell size at division over consecutive divisions was plotted. (PDF 163 KB) Additional File

7: movie 4: Depletion of FldA from growing cells. A Para-fldA conditional lethal mutant was shifted from 0.1% arabinose to an agar pad with 0.4% glucose. FldA is essential for isoprenoid biosynthesis [44], and as the movie shows, depletion of FldA leads to lysis of cells. 80 frames (one frame per four minutes) were compressed into 8 seconds. (MOV 199 KB) see more Additional File 8: movie 5: Depletion of Ffh from growing cells. A Para-ffh conditional lethal mutant was shifted from 0.1% arabinose to an agar pad with 0.4% glucose. Ffh protein is part of the signal recognition particle translocation system, that cotranslationaly sequesters proteins into or across the cytoplasmic membrane [45]. Depletion resulted in visible intracellular aggregates, followed by elongation and cell lysis. 120 frames (one frame per two minutes) were compressed into 12 seconds. (MOV 5 MB) Additional File 9: movie 6: Depletion of DnaT from growing cells. A Para-dnaT conditional lethal mutant was shifted from 0.01% arabinose to a 0.4% glucose containing agar pad. Depletion resulted in filament formation, which is in agreement with “”unbalanced”" growth upon abrogation of DNA replication. dnaT (and the following gene dnaC) is part of the “”primosome”" and is crucial for initiation of DNA replication.