This topic is relevant as the improved understanding of these disorders has not only led to a better definition of clinical course and to the development of standards of care for individual types of muscular dystrophies, but also culminated in different therapeutic approaches.Recent

findingsRecent natural history studies have demonstrated the impact of new standards of care in different forms of muscular dystrophies, Epigenetics inhibitor and identified areas of clinical management in which further developments are needed. The majority of the experimental studies are focused on Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Some of them target patients with specific mutations, such as antisense oligonucleotides, to induce exon skipping of specific mutations or drugs developed to allow read-through of nonsense mutations, whereas other therapies deal with secondary aspects of muscle degeneration, aiming, for example, at reducing inflammation or apoptosis, and may also be suitable for other forms of muscular dystrophies.SummaryThe advances in the field of muscular dystrophy have resulted in improved clinical course and survival. The encouraging results of early experimental studies could further improve these outcomes in the future.”
“Congenital

spinal vertebral anomalies may present with deformity resulting in congenital MRT67307 clinical trial scoliosis and kyphosis. This leads to abnormal spinal growth. The latter when combined with associated Galardin rib fusions may impair normal thoracic cage development and resultant pulmonary hypoplasia. Most congenital scoliosis can be detected in utero by ultrasound scan or recognized in the neonatal period, but a few spinal defects can remain undetected.

In this Grand Round, we present the case of a 7-year-old girl with a severe scoliosis and thoracic insufficiency syndrome (TIS). 3D CT reconstruction imaging demonstrated a mixed picture of fusion

and segmentation abnormalities. A marked kyphoscoliosis was demonstrated at the thoraco-lumbar junction. Via a left thoracotomy, anterior excision of intervertebral discs was performed together with, interbody fusion, and in situ stabilisation of the kyphosis with double allograft (femur) strut grafts.

This article highlights the features of congenital kypho-scoliosis and TIS. The difficulties of treating kyphosis when combined with TIS are discussed together with the limitations of current surgical techniques.”
“One of the most important factors in increasing the screening potential of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) for aneuploidy is to increase the number of chromosomes analysed. Inclusion of chromosomes 8, 14 and 20 to the standard set of chromosomes X, Y, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18, 21 and 22 allows the analysis of 12 chromosomes in three rounds of fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH) without decreasing the efficiency of the technique.