3±7.2 in 20 food items presented) under the ‘Hara-Hachibu’ condition (P=0.004). After epochs with artifacts were excluded from analyses by visual inspection, the mean number of epochs used in the analysis

was shown in Table 1. The main effects of image [F(1,10)=0.484, P=0.502] and condition [F(1,10)=0.616, P=0.451] and an image × condition interaction effect [F(1,10)=0.051, P=0.825] were not shown in the number of epochs. A typical example of magnetic fields and isofield contour map caused by viewing the food pictures is shown in Fig. 1. The mean latencies for all four conditions were shown in Table 2. Although the main effect of image [F(1,1)=400.00, P=0.032] was shown, that of the condition [F(1,1)=4.000, P=0.295] and the image× condition interaction effect [F(1,1)=0.269, P=0.695] were not shown in the latencies. There were not significant differences in Stem Cells inhibitor the latencies among the four conditions. While we could identify the magnetic response in the insular

cortex for all participants who viewed food pictures (nine in the right hemisphere, and two in the left hemisphere) in the Fasting condition, the MEG responses in the insular cortex in the ‘Hara-Hachibu’ condition were observed in nine of 11 individuals who viewed food pictures (eight in the right hemisphere, and one in the left hemisphere). Two participants showed responses to mosaic pictures in this brain region (in the left hemisphere alone) Venetoclax nmr in the Fasting condition; such responses

to mosaic pictures were detected in all participants (eight in the right hemisphere, and three in the left hemisphere) in the ‘Hara-Hachibu’ condition. Two participants with insular response to food pictures in the left hemisphere during the Fasting condition were different from two participants without any insular response to food pictures in the ‘Hara-Hachibu’ condition, and also different from two participants who showed insular responses to mosaic pictures during the Fasting condition. Some individuals exhibited multiple activities in the insular cortex; for these subjects, the MEG HAS1 response with the maximal intensity of ECDs was defined as the primary MEG response. Since the absence of ECDs means that insular cortex did not exhibit any significant responses, the intensities of the MEG response were regarded to be zero in the cases where no significant ECDs were observed. The peak latencies of the magnetic responses after the onset of food picture presentation in the Fasting condition were significantly correlated with those in the ‘Hara-Hachibu’ condition (r=0.967, P<0.001) ( Fig. 2A). In contrast, no significant correlation was observed in the intensity of ECDs between the two conditions (r=0.232, P=0.492) ( Fig. 2B). A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures showed a tendency of the main effects of image [F(1,10)=4.313, P=0.065] and the significant image×condition interaction effect [F(1,10)=15.379, P=0.