The use of capillary instead of agarose gel electrophoresis for genotyping offers technical advantages, but it is unclear whether capillary electrophoresis will result in improved classification of anti-malarial treatment outcomes.\n\nMethods: Samples were genotyped using both gel and capillary electrophoresis from randomized trials of artemether-lumefantrine (AL) vs. dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) performed in two areas of Uganda: Kanungu, where transmission is moderate, and Apac, where transmission is very high. Both gel and capillary methods evaluated

polymorphic regions of the merozoite surface protein 1 and 2 and glutamine rich protein genes.\n\nResults: Capillary electrophoresis Histone Methyltransf inhibitor detected more alleles and provided higher discriminatory power than agarose gel electrophoresis at both study sites. There was only moderate agreement between classification of outcomes with the two methods in Kanungu ( kappa = 0.66) and poor agreement in Apac ( kappa = 0.24). Overall efficacy results were similar when using gel vs. capillary methods in Kanungu (42-day risk of treatment failure for AL: 6.9% vs. 5.5%, p = 0.4; DP 2.4% vs. 2.9%, p = 0.5). However, the measured risk of recrudescence was significantly higher when using gel vs. capillary electrophoresis in

Apac ( risk of treatment failure for AL: 17.0% vs. 10.7%, p = 0.02; DP: 8.5% vs. 3.4%, p = 0.03). Risk differences between AL and DP were not significantly different whether gel or capillary methods were used.\n\nConclusions: Genotyping with gel electrophoresis overestimates the risk of recrudescence in anti-malarial

Selleck S3I-201 trials performed in areas of high transmission intensity. Capillary electrophoresis provides more accurate outcomes for such trials and should be performed when possible. In areas of moderate transmission, gel electrophoresis appears adequate to estimate comparative risks of treatment failure.”
“BACKGROUND\n\nWe evaluated the results of intertrochanteric A-1210477 hip fractures treated with closed reduction and external fixation (minimally invasive and biological osteosynthesis) in patients with high surgical risk.\n\nMETHODS\n\nTwenty-three patients (14 females, 9 males; mean age 74 [65-88]) with intertrochanteric hip fracture classified as group III and IV according to American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) criteria were treated with closed reduction and unilateral external fixation under short-term anesthesia. Fourteen fractures were stable (60.8%) and nine were unstable (39.2%). The mean follow-up was 23.8 months (4-58). We evaluated the operation time, hospitalization time, union time, mobilization capacity, complications, and mortality rates.\n\nRESULTS\n\nThe mean duration of operation was 25 minutes (15-40), mean duration of hospital stay 4 days (2-9) and average union time 13 weeks. Five patients (21.7%) died due to additional health problems in the first six months after surgery.