After nonspecific expansion in vitro, we detected interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-producing CD8+ T cells specific for all four TAA in the periphery as well as in liver and tumor tissue.

These CD8+ T-cell responses displayed clear immunodominance patterns within each TAA, but no consistent hierarchy was observed between different TAA. Importantly, the response Panobinostat concentration breadth was highest in early-stage HCC and associated with patient survival. After antigen-specific expansion, TAA-specific CD8+ T cells were detectable by tetramer staining but impaired in their ability to produce IFN-γ. Furthermore, regulatory T cells (Treg) were increased in HCC lesions. Depletion of Treg from cultures improved TAA-specific CD8+ T-cell proliferation but did not restore IFN-γ-production. Conclusion: Naturally occurring TAA-specific buy Selumetinib CD8+ T-cell responses are present in patients with HCC and therefore constitute part of the normal T-cell repertoire. Moreover, the presence of these responses correlates with patient survival. However, the observation of impaired IFN-γ production suggests that the efficacy of such responses is functionally limited. These findings support the development of strategies that aim to enhance the total TAA-specific CD8+ T-cell response by therapeutic boosting and/or specificity

diversification. DOK2 However, further research will be required to help unlock the full potential of TAA-specific CD8+ T-cell responses. (Hepatology 2014;59:1415-1426) “
“See article in J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2010; 25: 1876–1882.

It is now established that there is a significant association between serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA level and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk among chronic hepatitis B patients by Risk Evaluation of Viral Load Elevation and Associated Liver Disease/Cancer (REVEAL) and other studies.1 There is also strong evidence that effective antiviral therapy suppressing HBV virus load could decrease HCC incidence.2,3 However, after surgical curative resection there is still uncertainty that low HBV viral load and anti-HBV treatment yield low HCC recurrence and better clinical outcome. This is reflected in the consensus statements of the Asia-Pacific region on prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma, ‘In patients with HCC complicating chronic hepatitis B, there is currently insufficient evidence that treatment is protective against new HCC development (level III).’4 In this issue of the Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, An and colleagues report that in a cohort study of 188 Korean patients with HBV-related HCC, sustained low hepatitis B viral load reduces recurrence and improves survival after curative resection.