Conclusions: The clinical efficacy and safety of NT-free and small tube are similar in all measurements. Compared with the middle

and large tubes, NT-free PNL could reduce hospital stay and postoperative analgesia requirement without increasing other complications. Copyright (C) 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel”
“Purpose: To honour perhaps the most influential man in the radiation sciences, Henry S. Kaplan, by reviewing the field of tumour hypoxia, one of his many interests.

Results: It was postulated over 50 years ago by Thomlinson and Gray that human solid tumours would contain buy Nec-1s hypoxic cells and that they would exert a negative influence on the outcome of radiotherapy, a prediction that has been amply validated. In addition to the ‘chronic’ hypoxia that they proposed we know that tumours also have ‘acute’ hypoxia produced by the unstable nature of tumour blood flow.

The most hypoxic cells in the tumour are the key mediators of the response to large radiation doses ( such as are given in stereotactic body radiotherapy), whereas cells at intermediate levels of hypoxia are the most important for standard fractionated radiotherapy. But tumour hypoxia can be exploited to preferentially activate anticancer drugs such as tirapazamine in tumours. In addition, hypoxia, through the transcription factor hypoxia inducible factor 1(HIF-1), drives both local angiogenesis GSK1904529A solubility dmso and vasculogenesis from circulating cells. We have

shown that local tumour irradiation can inhibit angiogenesis, making growth of tumours from surviving cancer cells dependent on vasculogenesis, and that inhibiting key BV-6 Apoptosis inhibitor steps in vasculogenesis can markedly sensitize tumours to irradiation.”
“This study explores the amplitude and phase transmission of audio-frequency sound through a waveguide side-loaded with a series of closely spaced and sequentially tuned Helmholtz resonators. This system exhibits a series of acoustic bandgaps due to the Helmholtz resonance and standing-wave cavity modes. The bandgaps are achieved in a physically compact manner in that the resonators are spaced by much less than a wavelength. The response of the Helmholtz resonator-loaded waveguide is described by a simple adaptation of an existing theory. Finally, within the forbidden transmission regions the system exhibits narrow bands of negative group delay. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3595677]“
“Objective: To identify the risk factors predicting septic shock and severe hemorrhage in percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL).