Data are presented as means +/- sd. When data did not follow the Gaussian distribution, the Mann-Whitney non-parametric test (U-test) was used to compare the different groups at p < 0.05 level in the bilateral situation. High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol level (p < 0.05), total antioxidant capacity, lipid hydroperoxide level, total oxidative stress and plasma oxidative stress index (p < 0.01) increased significantly in the wrestlers. In conclusion, participating in wrestling training increased oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity when compared with untrained controls.”
“Complete (1)H and (13)C NMR assignments of acoschimperoside

P, 2′-acetate (1) and a new cardiac glycoside (2), isolated selleck compound from the leaves of Vallaris glabra, are described. Compound 1 was active in the assay for Hedgehog signaling inhibition. In further experiments, this compound showed a strong cytotoxicity against human pancreatic (PANC1) and human prostate (DU145) cancer cells. The expression of GLI-related proteins (PTCH and BCL-2) in a dose-dependent manner was also inhibited by 1.”
“P>Plasma membrane, proton-coupled Group II sucrose symporters (SUT) mediate apoplastic phloem loading and VX-689 Cell Cycle inhibitor sucrose efflux from source leaves in Arabidopsis and agricultural crop species that have been studied to date. We now report that the most abundantly

expressed SUT isoform in Populus tremula x alba, PtaSUT4, is a tonoplast (Group IV) symporter. PtaSUT4 transcripts were readily detected in conducting as well as mesophyll cells in stems and source leaves. In comparison, Group II orthologs PtaSUT1 and PtaSUT3 were very weakly expressed in leaves. Both Group II and Group IV SUT genes were expressed in secondary stem xylem of Populus. Transgenic poplars with RNAi-suppressed PtaSUT4 exhibited increased leaf-to-stem biomass ratios, elevated sucrose content in source leaves and stems, and altered phenylpropanoid metabolism. Transcript abundance of several carbohydrate-active enzymes and phenylalanine ammonia-lyases was also altered in transgenic source leaves. Nitrogen-limitation

led to a down-regulation of vacuolar invertases in all plants, which resulted selleck in an augmentation of sucrose pooling and hexose depletion in source leaves and secondary xylem of the transgenic plants. These results are consistent with a major role for PtaSUT4 in orchestrating the intracellular partitioning, and consequently, the efflux of sucrose from source leaves and the utilization of sucrose by lateral and terminal sinks. Our findings also support the idea that PtaSUT4 modulates sucrose efflux and utilization in concert with plant N-status.”
“This study is aimed at determining the effect of aqueous extract of Carica papaya leaf on male fertility by evaluating some andrological parameters of male Wistar rat such as sperm parameters (spermatozoa count, motility and viability) and serum concentration of testosterone.