Eligible participants/smokers aged 18 years and older were randomly assigned to MI or to the general health�Ccounseling MLN2238 program. Both groups received NRT, as well as four separate in-person counseling sessions conducted in Chinese. NRT consisted of four Nicoderm CQ patches for 8 weeks. Participants had the option of deciding when to start the NRT during the 6-month study period. The design had five assessment timepoints composed of an in-person baseline assessment, telephone follow-ups at 1 week, 1, and 3 months, followed by a 6-month in-person postintervention assessment. Follow-up measures captured potential changes in decisional balance and stage of change, as well as NRT usage and adherence. Intervention condition. Intervention consisted of four 60-min in-person sessions of AMI counseling and a packet of self-help smoking cessation materials.

The deleterious effects of tobacco use, secondhand smoke, as well as participants�� experiences with smoking were discussed within various cultural contexts as, for example, hosting friends or in business transactions. Additionally, participants were counseled about the addictive nature of nicotine, encouraged to conduct a decisional balance exercise to examine the pros and cons of smoking, and encouraged to contemplate quitting behavior (Miller & Rollnick, 2002). Participants were provided NRT packs and counseled on their use. Control condition. Participants in this condition were provided with four in-person 60-min health education sessions and packets of general health self-help information, nutrition, exercise, and the harmful effects of tobacco.

Strategies for quitting smoking were also provided to participants in this group as well as a supply of NRT and counseling on its use. Measures The measurement instrument used for this study included 70 items that had been tested and validated in Asian American communities (Fang et al., 2006; Ma, Fang, Toubbeh, Choi, & Feng, under review). These items include demographics and smoking history (baseline variables), decision balance, health risk perceptions and self-efficacy, stages of change, and smoking status. Demographics and smoking history. Demographic data at baseline included age, gender, marital status, annual income, and education level.

Smoking history included self-reported data and information on number of quit attempts to date, current smoking behavior, average number of cigarettes smoked over the past 7 days, nature of advice that participants received regarding quitting smoking, if any, and the relative impact of such advice on participant’s Cilengitide intention to quit. Decisional balance. Eight items were used to assess participants�� pros and cons of smoking. These were derived from Velicer, DiClemente, Prochaska, and Brandenburg’s (1985) Smoking Decisional Balance Scale. A composite score for each construct (Cronbach’s �� ranged from .79 to .