However, Gram-negative bacterial families Enterobacteriaceae

and Bacteroidaceae and phylum Verrucomicrobia were significantly more abundant in SFBL. Trichrome staining of liver sections revealed characteristic PSC-like lesions in 40% of SFBL mice, consisting of intrahepatic periductal fibrosis, compared to 0% of sham mice. CD11c+CD-11b+PDCA1- myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) were significantly increased in SFBL livers with PSC-like lesions (SFBL-PDF) compared to SFBL livers without PSC-like lesions (SFBL-NON-PDF). Although the expression of co-stimulatory markers CD80 and CD86 in hepatic mDCs did not show significant difference between SFBL-PDF and SFBL-NON-PDF mice, MHC-I expression was significantly increased and MHC-II expression was significantly decreased in hepatic Mdm2 antagonist mDCs in SFBL-PDF mice. Compared to SFBL-NON-PDF and sham mice, SFBL-PDF mice had significantly increased CD8+CD44+ T cells and CCL3 and CCL4 mRNA levels in the liver, and significantly increased CCL3 and CCL4 in serum. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that creation of SFBL induced quantitative and qualitative changes in gut microbiota, contributing to the development of PSC-like lesions in NOD.B6Abd3 mice. The development of PSC-like lesions in NOD.B6Abd3 may be triggered www.selleckchem.com/products/Deforolimus.html by the activation and expansion

of liver mDCs, which in turn recruit activated CD8+ T cells via T cell chemoattractant chemokines CCL3 and CCL4. Disclosures: Jorge A. Bezerra – Grant/Research Cytidine deaminase Support: Molecular Genetics Laboratory, CHMC The following people have nothing to disclose: Qingqing Wang, Vijay Saxena, Bin Wang, Lili Miles, Marnie A. Ryan, William M. Ridgway, Jaimie D. Nathan Background Bile salt (BS) toxicity plays an important role in cholestatic

liver injury. Adaptive mechanisms are operational to reduce hepatic toxicity and promote urinary elimination of BS in cholestasis. Following up on the observation that ectopic FGF19 expression in the human cholestatic liver comprises an adaptive strategy to reduce BS synthesis (Hepatology 49:1228), we now explore the human hepatic transcriptome to gain further insight into molecular networks affected by cholestasis. Methods Total RNA was isolated from liver biopsies of patients with pancreatic tail cancer or benign liver tumors without cholestasis (controls,n=9), patients with cholestasis due to periampullary malignancies (cholestatic,n=9), and initially jaundiced patients with periampullary malignancies receiving pre-operative biliary drainage (drained,n=10). mRNA and miRNA expression profiles were determined using Agilent arrays. Results Median total BS and bilirubin level was 194 and 186 μmol/L, resp., in cholestatic patients, with notable elevation of cholestatic injury markers (GGT 1055U/L, AP 540U/L) and transaminases (AST 232U/L, ALT 388U/L). In patients receiving pre-operative biliary drainage total BS, bilirubin and transaminases were within the normal range.