If managers, however, used the initial collapse of the gadoid stocks as an indicator of an unsustainable amount of fishing pressure, perhaps the subsequent collapse of the herring fishery could have been avoided. In Selleckchem Talazoparib their analysis of the mechanisms causing MTL decline, Essington et al., commented on the commonly held notion that fishing down rather than fishing through is responsible for declining MTL. They note this “is dangerous because it leads us to ignore the policy implications of the more common sequential addition mechanism” [4]. The authors identified three primary policy considerations specifically for the fishing through model: (1) overfished high trophic level

predators; (2) poor recovery opportunities due to larval predation and competition; and (3) ultimate restructuring of ecosystems causing a loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services. The authors also noted the potential for conflicting demands based on fishery trophic level, forcing managers to make ill-advised decisions [4]. Ultimately, the authors recognized the need to develop management plans specifically for the scenario of fishing through, accounting for the relationships specific to that mechanism [4]. Managers will need to recognize the importance of both apex predators and their lower-level prey, and understand their trophic relationship.

Perhaps the most problematic scenario, that 3-oxoacyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) reductase of increase to overfishing, may have the simplest management solution. If caught selleck kinase inhibitor in the early stages, before the collapse of a stock, a simple decrease in fishing pressure could

serve to save the entire ecosystem. As specific trophic levels are not preferentially exploited and fishing pressure remains constant across all trophic levels, presumably a decrease in effort across the entire fishery would result in a more sustainable fishery. Ultimately, the study of trophodynamics is crucial in the development of an EBM plan for fisheries and the conservation of biodiversity. MTL is a tool providing a quick and easy glimpse into ecosystem dynamics, however it is capable of masking other trends. The sole use of MTL as an indicator of fishery sustainability is inadvisable due to the limited insight into ecosystem dynamics it is able to provide. MTL should only be used as an initial tool to determine trends, but should not be relied upon to determine causality or plan of action. Instead, a more all-encompassing approach should be employed to determine the cause of changing MTL and the appropriate actions that should be employed to prevent stock collapses and influence future management plans and policy development. “
“A key problem with conventional approaches to fisheries management has been its focus on production from a single target species.