In our previous study of Chinese postmenopausal women [5], we identified eight clinical risk factors that contribute to increasing

fracture risk, including the use of walking aids; history of one or more falls in 12 months; being housebound; dietary calcium intake < 400 mg/day; age > 65 years; previous fracture; body mass index (BMI) < 19 kg/cm2; and physical activity < 30 min/day. These findings suggest that population-specific PCI-34051 supplier characteristics may need to be taken into consideration when evaluating fracture risk; e.g., other than the common risk factors such as age, BMI and BMD, the Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study of Australia took into account of quadriceps strength, body sway, and thiazide use [6]. The QFractureScores algorithm developed for Caucasian

population in the UK includes concomitant diseases and medication use as major risk factors for fracture prediction [7]. Although a number of cross-sectional studies and population studies have demonstrated lower BMD values and fracture incidence in Asian men compared with Caucasian men, information on fracture Sapanisertib outcome derived from prospective studies in Asian male cohorts is scarce. The objective of this prospective study was PF-02341066 in vitro to report the incidence of osteoporotic fracture in Southern Chinese men, to evaluate the clinical risk factors associated with fracture risk, and to compare the model build on these population-specific risk factors and the WHO FRAX risk calculator in fracture prediction. Methods Study population and design This was a part

of the prospective population-based Hong Kong Osteoporosis Study in which community-dwelling ambulatory Southern Chinese men aged 50 years or above were recruited from different districts of Hong Kong between 1995 and 2009 during health fairs and road shows on osteoporosis. Subjects already prescribed osteoporosis treatment were excluded. All participants were invited to the Osteoporosis Centre at Queen Mary Hospital for evaluation of bone health. X-rays of the thoracolumbar spine were obtained at baseline to identify the presence of morphometric vertebral fracture using Genant’s semiquantitative assessment method [8]. Baseline demographic data and information Hormones antagonist on clinical risk factors were collected including anthropometric measurements, socioeconomic status, education level, low-trauma fracture history after the age of 45 years (both personal and family), history of fall, and medical history including current medication, history of low back pain, prior use of glucocorticoids, and secondary causes of osteoporosis. Information on lifestyle habits including smoking, alcohol consumption, and physical activity were also obtained. Dietary intake of calcium was determined using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire [5]. These data were collected from interviews conducted by trained research assistants using a structured questionnaire.