In particular, the energy consumption model is given for the target tracking application. In Section 4, the energy-efficient target tracking method is described in detail. The future target position forecasted by ARMA-RBF is adopted in the sleep mode scheduling and committee decision. Beside, the sensor-to-observer routing is presented for target position reporting. The experiments results are presented in Section 5, where the energy-efficient target tracking method with robust target forecasting is applied in WMSN. We conclude the paper in Section 6.2. Related WorkEnergy efficiency has drawn a lot of attention from various aspects of WSN research, such as hardware layer, media access control (MAC) layer, network layer, application layer, and so on [13].
Here, the target tracking application is discussed and we focus on the energy optimization on the network and application layers. Still, the multiple operation modes of sensor node are considered for power management. That is because the modules of sensor node can be well controlled by their operation system now [14].First of all, the deployment of WSN is discussed. The regular deployment is considered in this paper. To deploy the sensors based on a regular geometric topology, a precision weapon can be used to place the sensor nodes [15]. Although it is costly to deploy a regular structure of WSN, simpler and more efficient methods are readily available and a regular structure may benefit the specified application.Furthermore, the WSN we discuss can capture and process multimedia data, which is so-called WMSN.
Video or audio sensors can be used to enhance and complement existing surveillance systems against crime and terrorist attacks [1]. Here, the acoustic sensors are adopted to localize the target. In [16], an environmental monitoring system is provided to record animal behaviors for a long period of time. The shooter localization system collects the time stamps of the acoustic detection from different nodes within the network to localize the positions of the snipers [17]. The Line-in-the-Sand project focus
Ammonia (NH3) concentration measurement has a great importance in many scientific and technological areas. In environmental monitoring, automotive and chemical industry, electronic and optical ammonia sensors are widely used [1].
Recently the possibility to diagnose by ammonia sensing certain diseases, as ulcer or kidney disorder, has been proved. For example, NH3 concentration level measurement in exhaled air is a fast and non-invasive method to detect the presence of Helicobacter AV-951 pylori bacterial stomach infection [2].The most frequently used technique in commercial ammonia detectors is based on SnO2[3] and MoO3[4] semiconductor thin films. These sensors are mainly used in combustion gas detectors or gas alarm systems, but they show some limitations in reproducibility, stability, sensitivity and selectivity.