In Wilson disease, acute injury to a copper-loaded liver releases copper into plasma, in which high concentrations of non–ceruloplasmin-bound copper cause hemolysis and renal injury. This constitutes a redistribution of copper within the organism from the liver to extrahepatic sites. The third-trimester conceptus is iron-replete, with transferrin saturations physiologically >70%,

find more and the normal third-trimester fetal liver contains abundant stainable iron.13 Severe liver injury in this setting, with hepatocellular mass lost and apotransferrin synthesis diminished, redistributes iron within the organism from the liver to extrahepatic sites and effectively pours a quart of iron into a pint pot: Spillover causes hypersaturation DAPT in vitro of transferrin and extrahepatic siderosis. However, what carriers take non–transferrin-bound iron through the blood, and what routes bring it into only those cells affected by hemochromatotic siderosis? Although the answers are not necessarily of clinical relevance, these questions should still intrigue us. The history of NH finally throws an interesting light on Pasteur’s apophthegm of “Le hasard ne favorise que les esprits préparés.”14 Among Cottier’s first 16 publications, none addresses liver disease. If someone familiar

with the histopathology of postnatal liver failure had autopsied the infants whom Cottier described, might “hemochromatosis in the newborn” ever have led us the dance that it has? Pasteur15 also more importantly said, “Ayez le culte de l’esprit critique … Sans lui tout est caduc. Il a toujours le dernier mot” (“Venerate the critical frame of mind … Without it, nothing holds good. It always has the last word”). Perhaps the work of Whitington’s group, showing how fruitful Pasteur’s esprit critique can be, will spur new looks at other disorders whose pathogeneses and mechanisms, viewed through the wrong analogy, now are stubbornly obscure. “
“The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the presence of hepatic iron deposition,

apoptosis, histologic features, and serum markers of oxidative stress (OS) and cell death in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Clinical, biochemical, metabolic, and independent histopathologic assessment was conducted in 83 unselected patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD from a single selleck products center. Apoptosis and necrosis in serum was quantified using serum cytokeratin 18 (CK18) M30 and M65 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and in liver by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining in situ. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and thioredoxin-1 (Trx1) levels were measured to evaluate OS. Presence of reticuloendothelial system (RES) cell iron in the liver was associated with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (P < 0.05) and increased hepatic TUNEL staining (P = 0.02), as well as increased serum levels of apoptosis-specific (M30; P = 0.