Jenkins SG, Brown SD, Farrell DJ: Trends in antibacterial resistance among Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated in the USA: update from PROTEKT US Years 1–4. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2008, 7:1.A 1155463 PubMedCrossRef 39. Farrell DJ, File TM, Jenkins SG: Prevalence and antibacterial susceptibility of mef(A)-positive macrolide-resistant https://www.selleckchem.com/products/AZD1152-HQPA.html Streptococcus pneumoniae
over 4 years (2000–2004) of the PROTEKT US Study. J Clin Microbiol 2007,45(2):290–293.PubMedCrossRef 40. Calatayud L, Ardanuy C, Tubau F, Rolo D, Grau I, Pallares R, Martin R, Linares J: Serotype and genotype replacement among macrolide-resistant invasive Pneumococci in adults: mechanisms of resistance and association with different transposons. J Clin Microbiol 2010,48(4):1310–1316.PubMedCrossRef 41. Li Y, Tomita H, Lv Y, Liu J, Xue F, Zheng B, Ike Y: Molecular characterization of erm(B)- and mef(E)-mediated erythromycin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in China and complete DNA sequence of Tn2010. J Appl Microbiol 2011,110(1):254–265.PubMedCrossRef 42. Siira L, Jalava J, Tissari P, Vaara M, Kaijalainen T, Virolainen A: Clonality behind the increase of multidrug-resistance among non-invasive pneumococci in Southern Finland. European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases: official publication of the European
Society of Clinical Microbiology 2011. 43. Del Grosso M, Northwood JG, Farrell DJ, Pantosti A: The macrolide resistance genes erm(B) and mef(E) are carried by Tn2010 in dual-gene Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates belonging to clonal complex selleck CC271. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007,51(11):4184–4186.PubMedCrossRef 44. Rzeszutek M, Wierzbowski A, Hoban DJ, Conly
J, Bishai W, Zhanel GG: A review of clinical failures associated with macrolide-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2004,24(2):95–104.PubMedCrossRef 45. Noreddin AM, Roberts D, Nichol K, Wierzbowski A, Hoban DJ, Zhanel GG: Pharmacodynamic modeling of clarithromycin against macrolide-resistant [PCR-positive mef(A) or erm(B)] Streptococcus pneumoniae simulating clinically achievable serum and epithelial lining fluid free-drug concentrations. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002,46(12):4029–4034.PubMedCrossRef 46. Wierzbowski AK, Nichol K, Laing Tacrolimus (FK506) N, Hisanaga T, Nikulin A, Karlowsky JA, Hoban DJ, Zhanel GG: Macrolide resistance mechanisms among Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated over 6 years of Canadian Respiratory Organism Susceptibility Study (CROSS) (1998 2004). J Antimicrob Chemother 2007,60(4):733–740.PubMedCrossRef 47. Reingold A, Hadler J, Farley MM, Harrison GL, Lynfield R, Besser J, Bennett N, Thomas A, Schaffner W, Beall B, Pilishvili T, Whitney CG, Moore M, Burton DC: Direct and indirect effects of routine vaccination of children with 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease-United States, 1998–2003. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2005,54(36):893–897. 48. Mayers DL, Lerner SA, Ouellette M, Sobel JD: Antimicrobial drug resistanc. Totowa, N.J.