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“K. Soma, Y.-J. Fu, K. Wakabayashi, O. Onodera, A. Kakita and H. Takahashi (2012) Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology38, 54–60 Co-occurrence of argyrophilic grain disease in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Aims: Phosphorylated TDP-43 (pTDP-43) is the pathological

protein responsible for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a fatal neurodegenerative disease. Recently, it has been reported that accumulation of pTDP-43 can occur in the brains buy Trichostatin A of patients with argyrophilic grain disease (AGD), in which phosphorylated 4-repeat tau is the pathological protein. To elucidate the association of ALS with AGD, we examined the brains from 37 consecutively autopsied patients with sporadic ALS (age range 45–84 years, mean 71.5 ± 9.0 years). Methods: Sections from the frontotemporal lobe were stained with the Gallyas-Braak method and also immunostained with antibodies against phosphorylated tau, 4-repeat tau and pTDP-43. Results: Fourteen (38%) of the 37 ALS patients were found to have AGD. With regard to staging, 5 of these 14 cases were rated as I, 4 as II and 5 as III. pTDP-43 immunohistochemistry revealed the presence of positive neuronal and glial cytoplasmic inclusions in the affected medial

temporal lobe in many cases (93% and 64%, respectively). On the other hand, pTDP-43-positive small structures corresponding to argyrophilic grains were Rucaparib observed only in one case. A significant correlation was found between AGD and the Braak stage for neurofibrillary pathology (stage range 0–V, mean 2.1). However, there were no significant correlations between AGD and any other clinicopathological features, including dementia. Conclusions: The present findings suggest that co-occurrence of AGD in ALS is not uncommon, and in fact comparable with that in a number of diseases belonging to the tauopathies

or α-synucleinopathies. “
“C. K. Donat, B. Walter, W. Deuther-Conrad, K. Nieber, R. Bauer and P. Brust (2010) Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology36, 225–236 Alterations of cholinergic Venetoclax receptors and the vesicular acetylcholine transporter after lateral fluid percussion injury in newborn piglets Aims: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of death and disability in children. Adult animal models of TBI showed cholinergic alterations. However, there is no comparable data on immature animals. Therefore, this study investigates cholinergic markers in a large animal model of juvenile TBI. Methods: Twenty-seven female newborn piglets were subjected to lateral fluid percussion (FP) injury and compared with 12 untreated animals. After 6 h, animals were sacrificed and the brains removed. The hemispheres ipsilateral to FP-TBI from seven piglets and corresponding hemispheres from six control animals were used for autoradiography.