Mean changes in overall HS from 3- to 5-year follow-up were significantly different for men and women (-4.12 vs. 1.69, P = 0.014). In male patients, overall HS was significantly lower at 5-year follow-up compared to the 3-year follow-up (66.7 vs. 62.6, P = 0.001). In female patients, there was no significant difference (58.1 vs. 59.8, P = 0.393).

Conclusions: Men and women experience different levels of HS over time. Attention should

be. paid to gender disparities in postoperative PAD patients. (C) 2011 European Society for Vascular Surgery. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“The skin is the primary physical barrier between the body and the external environment and is also a substrate for the colonization of numerous microbes. Previously, dermatological microbiology research was dominated by culture-based techniques, but significant advances GSK2126458 cell line in genomic technologies have enabled the development of less-biased, culture-independent approaches to characterize skin microbial communities. These molecular microbiology approaches illustrate the great diversity of microbiota colonizing the skin and highlight unique features such as site specificity, temporal dynamics, and interpersonal variation. Disruptions in skin commensal KU 57788 microbiota are associated with the progression of many dermatological

diseases. A greater understanding of how skin microbes interact with each other and with their host, and how we can therapeutically manipulate those interactions, will provide powerful tools for treating and preventing dermatological disease.”
“Introduction. The inhibition see more of angiotensin-converting enzyme could be useful to avoid sarcopenia in the elderly.

Materials and methods. We compared in a prospective double blind trial, the effects of treatment with enalapril or nifedipine on muscle performance in hypertensive elderly subjects. Patients were followed for nine months, and at baseline, 4.5 months and the end of follow-up, quadriceps and hand grip muscle strength, walking capacity, timed up and go and the short physical

performance test were measured.

Results. During follow-up, more subjects on nifedipine than on enalapril discontinued the medication due to side-effects. No differences in the evolution of muscle strength, walking capacity or functional measures were observed. At nine months, plasma angiotensin-converting enzyme activity decreased by 6.0 +/- 2.5 U/L among patients on enalapril and increased by 8.5 +/- 4.2 U/L (p<0.001) among patients on nifedipine.

Conclusion. In this group of elderly subjects, enalapril was not superior to nifedipine with regard to the age-related decline of muscle performance.”
“Objective To develop fast and reliable testing routines for diagnosing retina and optic nerve diseases in canine cataract patients based on chromatic properties of the pupillary light reflex response.