Mk-AT exhibited a significant preference for the right hand in the bimanual board task (P < 0.05), whereas a significant left-hand preference

was present for the tube and the drawer tasks (P < 0.05). In Mk-MA, there was a significant left hand preference for the first two tasks (P < 0.05), whereas for the drawer task the right hand was preferred (P < 0.05). Human Regorafenib subjects Two tasks, namely the tube and the bimanual Brinkman board tasks, as well as the handedness questionnaire were used to assess the hand preference Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical in human subjects. The observed HI values obtained for the bimanual board and for the tube tasks were plotted on the same graph for all subjects (Fig. ​(Fig.7A,7A, left and middle parts of the graph, separated from the rightmost part concerning monkeys by the solid vertical black line). Most human subjects exhibited a HI near to −1 or 1. The P-value for each test and Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical for each subject was statistically significant (P < 0.05; binomial test), except for the tube task in the subject FL (P > 0.05). The results for both tasks (Fig. ​(Fig.7A)7A) showed that most self-declared left-handers indeed Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical used their left hand as the preferred hand (HI negative), and similarly most

self-declared right-handers indeed used their right hand as the preferred hand (HI positive). Only three left-handers exhibited a preference for the right hand in the tube task (subjects AP, CC, and MB). One of these three left-handed subjects (CC) furthermore showed a preference for the right hand in the bimanual board task. In the population of self-declared right-handers (Fig. ​(Fig.7A),7A), four of them (subjects AC, GS, JG, and NF) showed a preference for their Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical left hand in the tube task, whereas another right-handed subject (MS) exhibited a preference for the left hand in the bimanual board task. Statistical comparisons (t-test or Mann–Whitney) between the

groups of right-handers versus left-handers for the tube Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical task (blue bars in Fig. ​Fig.7A)7A) did not reveal any significant difference (P > 0.05) for both the real HI values and the absolute HI values. On the other hand, for the bimanual board task (gray bars in Fig. ​Fig.7A),7A), there was a significant difference for the real HI values between the right-handers and the left-handers (P = 0.002), but not for the absolute HI values (P = 0.33), indicating that the degree of lateralization is comparable in both groups. The scores derived from the handedness questionnaire was calculated and transformed into percentages most (Fig. ​(Fig.7B).7B). The overall questionnaire scores for the self-announced right-handers (ID initials in red in Fig. ​Fig.7B)7B) were clearly positive, ranging between 53.85% and 100%. The questionnaire scores derived from the self-announced left-handers (ID initials in blue in Fig. ​Fig.7B)7B) were mostly negative, ranging between −30.77% and −73.08%. The exception was the subject AB, who surprisingly showed a positive questionnaire score (26.92%).