Objective: The objective
was to investigate whether a long sensory exposure, due to differences in means of consumption and in viscosity, enhances learned associations between sensory signals and metabolic consequences and hence facilitates energy intake compensation. Design: A total of 105 healthy young adults with a mean (+/- SD) age of 22 +/- 3 y and a body mass index (in kg/m(2)) of 21.6 +/- 1.7 participated in a parallel intervention in 3 groups: liquid yogurt with a straw (liquid/straw; n = 34), liquid yogurt with a spoon (liquid/spoon; n = 36), or semisolid yogurt with a spoon (semisolid/spoon; n = 35). Novel flavored yogurts were offered ad libitum for breakfast in 2 energy densities: low (approximate to 215 kJ/100 g) and high (approximate to 600 kJ/100 g). Subjects were repeatedly exposed to the yogurt products (10 times), and yogurt intake was measured. Results: Intakes (P = 0.01) and eating rates (P = 0.01) were highest in www.selleckchem.com/products/Flavopiridol.html the liquid/straw group. Average intakes over 10 exposures were 575 +/- 260 g for liquid/straw, 475 +/- 192 g for liquid/spoon, and 470 +/- 223 g for semisolid/spoon; average eating rates were 132 +/- 83 g/min for liquid/straw, 106 +/- 53 g/min for liquid/spoon, and 105 +/- 88 g/min for semisolid/spoon. No significant interaction for intake
Fer-1 mw between intervention group, energy density, and repeated exposure was observed, and intakes of the low-and high-energy-dense yogurts did not change over time in any of the intervention groups. Conclusions: We observed no energy intake compensation after repeated exposure to yogurt products. Differences in ad libitum yogurt intake could be explained by eating rate, which was affected by the different means of consumption. This trial was registered with the Dutch trial registration at http://www.trialregister.nl/trialreg/admin/rctview.asp?TC=1853 as NTR1853. Am J Clin Nutr 2010; 91: 841-7.”
“Background and aims:
Cardiovascular (CV) events occur even when LDL-C are < 100 mg/dL. To improve the detection of CV risk we investigated the apoB/apoA-I ratio versus LDL-C in subjects considered normal glucose tolerant (NGT) by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).
Methods and results: We enrolled 616 NGT (273 men and Selleckchem PCI-32765 343 women), and we measured insulin resistance, lipid profile, apoB/apoA-I and the factors compounding the metabolic syndrome (MetS). An unfavourable apoB/apoA-I (>= 0.9 for males and >= 0.8 for females) was present in 13.9% of 108 patients with LDL-C < 100 mg/dL: compared to subjects with lower apoB/apoA-I (< 0.9 for males and < 0.8 for females), they had more elements of MetS and their lipid profile strongly correlated with high CV risk. Out of 314 patients with lower apoB/apoA-I, 40.12% had LDL-C >= 130 mg/dL: these retained a more favourable lipid profile than corresponding subjects with elevated apoB/apoA-I ratio. Finally, we found a significant correlation between LDL-C and apoB/apoA-I ratio (rZ0.