Optimal model structures and model parameters are identified by minimizing the deviation between model firing rates and the experimentally extracted population firing rates. For the thalamocortical transfer, the experimental data favor a model with fast feedforward excitation from thalamus to the layer-4 laminar population combined with a slower inhibitory process due to feedforward and/or recurrent connections and mixed linear-parabolic activation functions. The extracted firing rates of the various cortical laminar populations are found to exhibit strong temporal correlations for the present experimental paradigm, and simple feedforward population firing-rate
models combined www.selleckchem.com/products/MK-1775.html with linear or mixed linear-parabolic activation function are found to provide excellent fits to the data. The identified thalamocortical and intracortical network models are thus found to be qualitatively very different. While the thalamocortical circuit
is optimally stimulated by rapid changes in the thalamic firing rate, the intracortical circuits are low-pass and respond most strongly to slowly varying inputs from the cortical layer-4 population.”
“To analyse whether a subjective quality-of-life (QoL) instrument (QLiS-Quality-of-Life in Schizophrenia), developed on the basis of a large number of open-ended interviews with schizophrenic patients, has sufficient discriminant and convergent validity to justify its application as a schizophrenia-specific QoL instrument.
The discriminant and Selleck PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitor 3 Bafilomycin A1 convergent validity of the QLiS (comprising 12 subscales) was analysed in a cross-sectional study. Schizophrenic persons (n
= 135) from different care settings were surveyed using the QLiS, the WHOQOL-Bref, the SWN and 7-point satisfaction items. Partial correlational analyses and regression analyses controlling for general life satisfaction were conducted comparing the QLiS subscales with those of the other instruments.
Positive correlation coefficients were found among all subscales of the QLiS and the other QoL instruments (WHOQOL-BREF from r = 0.29 to r = 0.72; SWN, r = 0.14 to r = 0.83; satisfaction scales, r = 0.18 to r = 0.69). One QLiS subscale (cognitive functioning) was shown to be empirically redundant (r > 0.80) to the mental functioning subscale of the SWN. All other subscales proved to have unique variance. The non-QLiS QoL instruments only accounted for substantial amounts of variance (> 20% after controlling for global life satisfaction) in the QLiS subscales leading a normal life, appreciation by others, appraisal of accommodation/housing and social contacts.
Most of the QLiS subscales can be regarded as sufficiently distinct from other QoL instruments, and thus show evidence of discriminant and convergent validity.