“
“Overactive bladder syndrome (OAB) is highly prevalent bladder disorder in men and women. About 10–15% of the population suffers from urgency frequency with or without urgency urinary incontinence. It is estimated that 50–75% of patients with OAB may have urodynamic detrusor overactivity (DO). Urodynamic study invasive and most of the OAB patients might not accept it as a routine assessment. Therefore, a more objective and non-invasive test for diagnosis and assessing DO from OAB patients is needed. Recently, urinary nerve growth factor (NGF) has gained great interest in detecting DO in patients with OAB.

Urinary NGF level was found to increase in OAB and urodynamic DO. Urinary NGF levels correlated with severity of OAB symptoms. Patients with either idiopathic or neurogenic DO may have increased urinary NGF levels. Urinary NGF levels have been shown to decrease in patients CAL 101 with

ACP-196 concentration patients with OAB and DO who have been well treated with antimuscarinics or botulinum toxin injection, but not in those with persistent OAB after treatment. Not all patients with OAB can have an elevated urinary NGF level; it may also be increased in patients with interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome and other lower urinary tract diseases, suggesting urinary NGF expression could be a product of bladder inflammation and a limited specificity of urinary NGF for diagnosing DO. The source of urinary NGF has not yet been fully explored yet. Nevertheless, urinary NGF level is likely to be a promising biomarker for diagnosis of DO from OAB patients, to monitor therapeutic outcome and predict disease progression. “
“Objectives: To examine the efficacy, safety, and dose response of tadalafil once daily in Japanese men with lower urinary tract

symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH-LUTS). Methods: Men ≥45 years with moderate-to-severe BPH-LUTS were randomized to once-daily placebo (N = 140), tadalafil 2.5 mg (N = 142), or tadalafil 5.0 Palbociclib datasheet mg (N = 140), in a 12-week double-blind phase, followed by a 42-week, tadalafil 5.0 mg open-label extension (OLE) phase (N = 394). The primary outcome was total International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) change from baseline to last available observation in the double-blind phase. Results: The least squares (LS) mean difference between placebo and tadalafil in total IPSS change from baseline was −0.7 (P = 0.201) and −1.1 (P = 0.062) for tadalafil 2.5 and 5 mg, respectively (ANCOVA; a dose-dependent improvement in placebo-adjusted total IPSS for tadalafil 5 mg versus 2.5 mg of 57%). Repeated-measures analyses identified a significant total IPSS change for tadalafil 5 mg (LS mean difference between placebo and tadalafil 5 mg: −1.2; P = 0.035), but not tadalafil 2.5 mg, at week 12.