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“1. Background Vibrio cholerae is the etiological agent of the severe diarrheal disease cholera. It has caused seven pandemics since 1817. The seventh pandemic, which began in 1961, was triggered by biotype El Tor, serogroup O1. In 1991, a new serogroup, O139, appeared, challenging the common belief that only strains of the O1 serogroup could cause epidemics [1, 2]. Epidemics of cholera caused by O1 and O139 V. cholerae are still a major public health problem in most developing countries.