PFOR and/or PDH (iv) Aldh and AdhE, and (V) bifurcating, Fd-dependent, and NAD(P)H dependent H2ases, that can be used for streamlining H2 and/or ethanol producing capabilities in sequenced and novel isolates. By linking genome content, reaction thermodynamics, and PF-6463922 cost end-product yields, we

offer potential targets for optimization of either ethanol or H2 yields via metabolic engineering. Deletion of LDH and PFL could potentially increase both H2 and ethanol yields. While deletion of ethanol producing pathways (aldH, adh, adhE), increasing flux through PFOR, overexpression of Fd -dependent H2ases, and elimination of potential H2-uptake (NAD(P)H-dependent) H2ases could lead to increased H2 production, eliminating H2 production and redirecting flux through PDH would be beneficial for ethanol production. Although gene and gene-product expression,

functional characterization, and metabolomic flux analysis remains critical in determining pathway utilization, insights regarding how genome content affects end-product yields can be used to direct metabolic engineering strategies and streamline the characterization of novel species with potential industrial applications. Acknowledgements This work was supported by funds provided by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), through a Strategic Programs grant SNX-5422 supplier (STPGP 306944–04), by Genome Canada, through the Applied Genomics Research in Bioproducts or Crops (ABC) program for the grant titled, “Microbial Genomics for Biofuels and CoProducts from Biorefining Processes”, and by the Province of Manitoba, Agricultural and Rural Development Initiative (ARDI), grant 09–986. Electronic supplementary material Additional

file 1: Cofactor specificity (ATP or PP i ) of phosphofructokinases based on sequence alignments. Alignments of key residues determining ATP or PPi specificity, as determined by Bapteste et al. [74] and Bielen et al. [75], were performed using BioEdit v.7.0.9.0. The P. furiosus and Th. check details kodakarensis genes are very distinct (different COG and different KO) and are annotated as Archaeal phosphofructokinases. Abiraterone (PDF 178 KB) Additional file 2: Phylogenetic clustering of [NiFe] hydrogenases large (catalytic) subunits. Catalytic (large) subunits of [NiFe] H2ases were identified based upon the modular signatures as described by Calusinska et al. [16], Species considered in this manuscript are highlighted and corresponding H2ase gene loci are provided. (PDF 247 KB) Additional file 3: Phylogenetic clustering of [FeFe] hydrogenases large (catalytic) subunits. Catalytic (large) subunits of [FeFe] H2ases were identified based upon the modular signatures as described by Calusinska et al. [16]. Species considered in this manuscript are highlighted and corresponding H2ase gene loci are provided. (PDF 476 KB) References 1.