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“Purpose of review
Pathological deposition of fibrous matrix in organs is a major problem and contributes to as many as 45% of all natural deaths. Chronic kidney disease affects 8% of the US population, and is characterized Elafibranor clinical trial by fibrotic processes. It frequently progresses to organ failure and is a major cause of cardiovascular death; yet it lacks therapies. Understanding the pathological mechanisms of fibrosis in the kidney and other organs is central
to the development of new therapeutics.
Recent findings
Pericytes are mesenchymal cells that partially cover capillary walls. Pericytes play critical roles in micro-vessel formation, maturation and stability. New genetic fate-mapping studies have identified pericytes and the closely related resident fibroblasts as the major progenitors of scar-forming myofibroblasts in multiple organs including the kidney, appearing in response to tissue injury. When pericytes become
myofibroblasts they lose pericyte functions. Capillaries become unstable with deleterious consequences for the kidney. The cellular and molecular mechanisms underpinning these processes are starting to unravel, leading to new therapeutics for chronic fibrosing diseases of the kidney and potentially other organs.
Summary
This review focuses on pericytes in the kidney and other organs, their role in fibrogenesis and their role in regulation of the microvasculature.”
“Purpose of review
One well described Rigosertib solubility dmso feature of wound healing is the ingrowth of new capillaries or angiogenesis. At JQ1 cell line its peak, the capillary content in healing wounds may reach three or more times that of normal uninjured tissue. This new vasculature is required to restore oxygenation and allow the growth of new tissue to fill the wound space. This review examines the assumption that a capillary content
in excess of normal density is essential for adequate healing.
Recent findings
The regulation of wound angiogenesis has been demonstrated to involve both proangiogenic and antiangiogenic stimuli, with the level of capillary growth reliant upon both sets of factors. Several studies now show that normal skin wounds heal adequately even when the angiogenic response is artificially reduced. In normal skin, a reduction of capillary growth to a level consistent with normal tissue does not affect wound closure and may even lead to highly favorable long term healing outcomes.
Summary
The angiogenic response in normal wounds may exceed what is needed for optimal repair.”
“Purpose of review
Cells of mesenchymal origin are strongly influenced by their biomechanical environment. They also help to shape tissue architecture and reciprocally influence tissue mechanical environments through their capacity to deposit, remodel, and resorb extracellular matrix and to promote tissue vascularization.