Similar results were obtained for the clinical and the laboratory isolates. The vertical bar on each data point represents the standard error of the mean for two independent experiments with AF53470 and PA56402. The data

were analyzed by one way ANOVA with Dunnett multiple comparison test where the control was compared with each of the experimental group using GraphPad Prism 5.0. Optimum see more conidial density for polymicrobial biofilm formation It was previously shown that A. fumigatus monomicrobial biofilm formation is a function of the conidial density and production of optimum amount of biofilm was dependent on the conidial density used [40]. We therefore examined the effect of conidial density on the development of A. fumigatus-P. aeruginosa Q-VD-Oph cost polymicrobial biofilm. DMXAA solubility dmso As shown in Figure 3A, a plot of A. fumigatus conidial density ranging from 1 × 102 to 1 × 107 conidia/ml used for the mycelial growth against the biofilm associated CFUs obtained for A. fumigatus and P. aeruginosa showed that a seeding density of 1 × 106 conidia/ml provided the best yield of mixed microbial biofilm producing the most number of CFUs for both organisms. Although 1 × 107conidia/ml produced the highest number of CFUs for A. fumigatus, the number of P. aeruginosa CFUs obtained was lower

than that obtained when 1 × 106conidia/ml was used. Among three different conidial densities (1 × 104, 1 × 105 and 1 × 106 cells/ml) Mowat et al. used, 1 × 105 conidia/ml produced the best A. fumigatus biofilm in a 96-well microtiter plate [36]. The difference may be due to the difference in the surface area of the wells of 96-well and 24-well cell culture plates, or the growth media (RPMI1640 vs. SD broth) used or the assays (tetrazolium reduction vs. CFU determination) used to measure the biofilm growth. Figure 3 Effects of

cell density and growth medium on biofilm formation. A. Effect of conidial density on A. fumigatus-P. aeruginosa polymicrobial biofilm formation. One ml aliquots of AF53470 conidial suspension containing 1 × 102 – 1 × 107 conidia/ml were incubated in 24-well cell culture plates in duplicates at 35°C in why SD broth for 18 h, washed and then inoculated with 1 × 106 PA56402 cells in 1 ml SD broth and further incubated for 24 h for the development of A. fumigatus-P. aeruginosa polymicrobial biofilm. The biofilm was washed and the embedded cells were resuspended in 1 ml sterile water and assayed for A. fumigatus and P. aeruginosa by CFU counts. The experiment was performed at two different times using independently prepared conidial suspensions and bacterial cultures and the vertical bar on each data point on the graph represents the standard error of the mean. B. P. aeruginosa monomicrobial biofilm formation in various growth media with and without bovine serum. One ml aliquots of growth media containing 1 × 106 P.