Tetra-Py+-Me (pink filled circle), Tri-Py+-Me-PF (yellow filled triangle), Tri-Py+-Me-CO2Me (light blue open triangle), Tri-Py+-Me-CO2H (red open square), Di-Py+-Me-Di-CO2H opp (brown filled diamond), Di-Py+-Me-Di-CO2H adj (violet star), Mono-Py+-Me-Tri-CO2H (green open circle). Discussion According to the results obtained, all the seven meso-substituted

cationic selleck kinase inhibitor porphyrins have shown to be very good singlet oxygen generators. However, this study shows that the bacterial PI process of both Gram (+) and Gram (-) bacteria is dependent on the number of positive charges, charge distribution and nature of meso-substituent groups present in the macrocycle periphery. The cationic porphyrin derivatives AZD8931 molecular weight selected induce direct PI of Gram (+) and also of Gram (-) bacteria. This type of porphyrins is able to inactivate directly the Gram (-) cells without the presence of additives. AZD2171 datasheet The positive charge on the PS molecule promotes a tight electrostatic interaction with negatively charged sites at the outer surface of the bacterial cells, increasing the efficiency of the PI process [19, 22, 23, 36]. All porphyrins in this study were effective PS against Gram (+) strain

E. faecalis achieving ~7 log (more than 99.999%) reduction on cell survival after light exposure at the highest concentration (5.0 μM). The PI process against the Gram (-) strain, E. coli, was efficient (~7.50 log survivors reduction) with Tri-Py+-Me-PF, Tri-Py+-Me-CO2Me and Tetra-Py+-Me

at 5.0 μM and after a light fluence of 21.6–64.8 J cm-2. The reduction in cell survival for that maximum light dose and concentration (64.8 J cm-2 and 5.0 μM) is much lower with Tri-Py+-Me-CO2H (5.18 log, 99.998%), Di-Py+-Me-Di-CO2H opp (3.77 log, 99.98%), Di-Py+-Me-Di-CO2H adj (3.40 log, 99.96%) and Mono-Py+-Me-Tri-CO2H (3.28, 99.93%). The PI patterns of both bacterial strains with all seven porphyrins were different. In general, against E. faecalis, the efficiency of PS followed the order: Tri-Py+-Me-PF = Tri-Py+-Me-CO2Me = Tri-Py+-Me-CO2H > Di-Py+-Me-Di-CO2H DOCK10 adj > Tetra-Py+-Me > Mono-Py+-Me-Tri-CO2H > Di-Py+-Me-Di-CO2H opp. Against E. coli, the order is Tri-Py+-Me-PF = Tri-Py+-Me-CO2Me > Tetra-Py+-Me > Tri-Py+-Me-CO2H > Di-Py+-Me-Di-CO2H adj > Di-Py+-Me-Di-CO2H opp > Mono-Py+-Me-Tri-CO2H. The porphyrins with three and four positive charges were the most effective PS against both bacterial strains. Some of these compounds, besides being highly effective against both bacteria strains, were also able to efficiently photoinactivate sewage faecal coliforms [7], sewage bacteriophage [30] and bacterial endospores [31]. In this study, Tri-Py+-Me-PF and Tri-Py+-Me-CO2Me were even more efficient than Tetra-Py+-Me. It was expected that by increasing the number of positive charges the cell killing should also increase.