The effect of glutamate on the evoked EPP release might be due to NO-mediated modulation (phosphorylation) of the voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channels at the presynaptic release zone that are necessary for evoked quantal release and open during EPP production.”
“Background:

Aberrant regulation of cell migration drives progression of many diseases, including cancer cell invasion and metastasis formation. Analysis of tumour invasion and metastasis in living organisms to date is cumbersome and involves difficult and time consuming investigative techniques. For primary human tumours we establish here a simple, fast, sensitive and cost-effective in vivo model to analyse tumour invasion and metastatic behaviour.\n\nMethods: We fluorescently labelled small explants from Transmembrane Transporters inhibitor gastrointestinal human tumours and investigated their metastatic behaviour after transplantation into zebrafish embryos and larvae. The transparency of the zebrafish embryos allows to follow invasion, migration and micrometastasis formation in real-time. High resolution imaging was achieved through laser scanning confocal microscopy of live zebrafish.\n\nResults: In the transparent zebrafish embryos invasion, circulation of tumour cells in blood vessels, migration and micrometastasis

formation can be followed in real-time. Xenografts of primary human tumours showed invasiveness and micrometastasis formation within 24 hours after transplantation, which was absent when non-tumour tissue was implanted. Furthermore, primary human tumour cells, when organotopically implanted in the zebrafish liver, PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitor 3 demonstrated invasiveness and metastatic behaviour, whereas primary control cells remained in the liver. Pancreatic tumour cells showed no metastatic behaviour when injected into cloche mutant embryos, which lack a functional vasculature.\n\nConclusion: Our results show that the zebrafish is a useful in vivo animal model for rapid analysis of invasion and metastatic behaviour of primary human tumour specimen.”
“This study was performed on 38 patients with locoregionally recurrent

non-small-cell lung cancer after surgical resection. We hypothesized that smaller gross tumor volume (GTV) would see more be associated with better survival outcomes in these patients. The prognosis of patients with small GTV and isolated local or regional recurrence was favorable. GTV was a better predictor of overall survival than stage at recurrence and may be useful for risk stratification of patients with postsurgically recurrent non-small-cell lung cancer.\n\nPurpose: To investigate the prognostic value of gross tumor volume (GTV) for predicting survival outcomes and to present the results of definitive radiation therapy (RT) in patients with postsurgical locoregionally recurrent non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).