The pixel values (8 bit image) represent the reflectance of the tree canopy. The lowest pixel value (0 or black) indicates minimum reflectance and the highest pixel value (255 or www.selleckchem.com/products/VX-770.html white) indicates maximum reflectance.Table 1.Sensor specifications used for selleck screening library data collection.The experimental set-up (Figure 1) was comprised of two six-band cameras and a thermal camera mounted on a support platform placed on a telescoping mast (Floatograph Technologies, Silver Spring, MD, USA). The retractable mast was fixed to the back of an all-terrain utility vehicle (Gator, Deere and Company, Moline, IL, USA). The sensor support set-up was mounted such that the cameras covered the region of interest (top of citrus tree canopy).
The six-band cameras were triggered wirelessly from a laptop computer; while thermal Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries camera was connected via USB port during data collection.
The six-band cameras were powered by a 12 V car battery; while the thermal camera received the power through the USB port of a laptop computer.Figure Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries 1.Experimental set-up showing the utility vehicle with sensors mounted on Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries a retractable mast and representative tree bunch with healthy and HLB-infected leaves.2.2. Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries Data CollectionThe field experiments were carried-out at the University of Florida’s Citrus Research and Education Center grove (Lake Alfred, FL, USA) during August and September of 2011. The data were collected between 11:00 a.m. and 3:00 p.m. and at a distance of 3 m above the tree canopy under natural light conditions (sunlight).
During image acquisition, a white reflectance reference panel of 25.4 �� 25.
4 Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries cm (Spectralon Reflectance Target, CSTM-SRT-99-100, Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries Spectra Vista Corporation, Poughkeepsie, Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries NY, USA) was used. The white reference panel in the images was used to perform corrections for variations in the light intensity. The spectral reflectance values Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries of a tree canopy for each band will depend on the physiological status of the tree and its interactions with the light source. The field data were taken from 36 healthy and 38 HLB-infected trees (Valencia oranges). The HLB-infected trees had a few symptomatic leaves (chlorosis and blotchy mottle), but not completely covered with such leaves.
Figures 2 and and33 illustrate representative pseudo color images in the visible-near infrared region from a healthy and HLB-infected tree, respectively.
The pseudo colored images were developed from the digital values that indicate spectral reflectance using the Matlab image Drug_discovery processing AV-951 toolbox (ver. 7.6, The MathWorks Inc., Natick, MA, USA) with high reflectance areas appearing as dark red and low reflectance areas appearing as dark blue. Figure 4 shows representative pseudo colored thermal images of the tree canopies.Figure 2.Pseudo color images that represent visible-near infrared spectral reflectance values of a healthy citrus molecular weight calculator tree. The field-of-view of the camera included the citrus tree canopy, the white reference panel selleck chem Axitinib (that appear as dark red squares in the images) and …