Why don’t we rally for a uniform European formative program to standardize the different systems, choosing the best qualities from each of them? Why don’t we support an efficient and selleck chemical user-friendly exchange program for young surgeons who desire to broaden their professional and cultural horizons? Why don’t we allow individuals to freely choose certain features of one’s program, thereby creating a personalized curriculum that more closely reflects the needs and interests of a given student? Why don’t we mandate that every young surgeon change his or her hospital at least once during

their course of study to widen their professional perspectives? Perhaps INK 128 price these aren’t the only solutions, but maybe they could

begin to reinvigorate these stagnant systems, better preparing young surgeons both during general surgery training and later during specialization. OSI-906 cell line References 1. Catena F, Moore E: Emergency surgery, acute care surgery and the boulevard of broken dreams. World Journal of Emergency Surgery 2009, 4:4.CrossRefPubMed Competing interests As a Resident Surgeon and as a Student both willing to learn as much as possible to improve our theoretical and surgical skills, we tried to give our contribution to the improvement of a perfectible formative system. The authors declare that they have no financial competing interests Authors’ contributions Both authors gave substantive intellectual contributions to the elaboration of the article. F.C. resumed and elaborated the information from the different European formative systems. D.L. played an essential role on the evaluation of the information and on the definitive draft of the article. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.”
“Background Currently, crowd control is ideally enforced by a trained police force using “”less-lethal”" tactics and weapons. Previous reports of serious injuries and even deaths, caused by hard rubber bullets,

have prompted the development of safer, attenuated energy rounds [1–3]. Protein tyrosine phosphatase Examples include the plastic baton rounds and the more recent attenuated energy projectile. These rounds represent safer options than the original rubber bullets and are currently used by many different police forces. We report a rare case of a penetrating injury to the chest caused by an attenuated energy projectile. We then review the historical development and injury literature surrounding rubber and plastic “”less-lethal”" impact munitions. Case presentation A 24-year-old male was shot in the right hemithorax by an attenuated energy projectile (AEP), fired from a 12-gauge shotgun at close range (less than 3 m).