Induced effects such as genomic instability time t and bystander effect. The L Emissions in the DNA, as well as global genomic instability, resulting in an increased Hten mutation rate in cells which would nevertheless be overcome and contribute to the process of transformation of normal cells in a malignant Ph Genotype. Therefore, chronic exposure to low radiation dose, a gr Eres potential triggering Viewed these cancer development. Other than the time and dose of radiation, the risk of cancer by radiation loan St of several factors Including, Lich age, sex, radiation, the organ and the presence of modulated factors such as exposure to other carcinogens and promoters with Radiation may come in contact k. Different tissues tolerate different doses of radiation. This is largely dependent Ngig the stage of differentiation, with undifferentiated cells, the maximum damage. Gonads, followed by the hematopoietic system Ethics are the most sensitive biological indicators of radiation exposure. The latency period for cancer development also varies for different types of tumors, leukemia Chemistry will be as soon as m Possible. Third Mechanism of radiation-induced carcinogenesis Although radiation is an established carcinogen, the underlying cellular mechanism Ren and molecular carcinogenesis is still controversial and speculative. Previous studies have primarily on the effect of irradiation on the intra nuclearcompartment ZD6474 Vandetanib and its components, particularly DNA concentrated. It has been extensively than the focal point of the IR-induced damage examined in the cell. But the recent literature has shown that even plays the cytoplasmic compartment A The obvious in cancer development. IR is known that ended other macromolecules such as lipids and proteins And dam. Studies have also suggested that even direct irradiation of the cells was not necessary to certain biological events associated with radiation exposure observed. Even UN Secretary-irradiated cells, k Can acquire mutations and chromosome breaks indirectly.
In other words, it was shown that the irradiated cells, a reaction of the audience in adjacent cells that were not directly induced by IR pass through. Radiation causes the damages caused to cells essentially two possibilities M, Either by direct contact with cells, which are traversed by radiation or the production of free radicals. The second process is the basis for indirect Sch Identifies the Haupts Chlich caused by the radiolysis of water leads to the production of reactive oxygen species. ROS is an implementation cha Not obtained Hen the amount of free radicals, which then st Rt the redox system of the cell and a damage to macromolecules, which is regarded as the origin of the biological effects of radiation. 3.1. 3.1.1 targeted effects of radiation. DNA-DNA Sch The is known that the main objective of IR induced Sch The be in the cell. It causes a number of supply Changes in the range of mutations, based on L Emissions, networking products, retail and doppelstr Independent breaks. A einzelstr Independent interruption are easily repaired by the cell, thus less likely to be mutagenic or t Harmful, w During the double-strand breaks are more difficult to repair the cells and are more mutagenesis therefore lead the CSD are mostly t Dliche cell event. Sch Estimates suggest that.