733 58584602 Translation elongation factor GT-Pase: FusA 3 0.656 58585021 DNA gyrase, topoisomerase II, B sub-unit: GyrB 4 0.585 58584662 DNA gyrase subunit A 5 0.550 58584524 Translocase 6 0.539 58584756 DNA polymerase III alpha subunit 7 0.497 58584618 Alanyl-tRNA synthetase 8 0.482 58584729 Threonyl-tRNA synthetase 9 0.425 58584862 Leucyl-tRNA synthetase 10 0.414 58584752 Molecular chaperone: DnaK 11 0.361 58584429 CTP synthetase 12 0.310

58584410 ATP-dependent Zn protease: HflB 13 0.276 58584946 ATP synthase subunit B 14 0.269 58584379 Enolase find more 15 0.267 58584441 ATP-binding subunit of Clp protease and DnaK/DnaJ chaperones 16 0.267 58584652 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex, E1 component 17 0.258 58584572 ATP synthase subunit A 18 0.249 58584805 NAD-dependent DNA ligase: Lig 19 0.246 58584298 Topoisomerase IA: TopA 20 0.245 58584921 Transketolase Figure 3 Mdivi1 mw essential gene prediction by MHS was validated through a jackknife methodology. For each organism within DEG, S63845 the ability of the MHS to place experimentally validated essential genes at the top of a ranked genome was evaluated. All graphs correspond to the schematic found in the upper left. The X-axis represents the

ranked genome of the organism, ranked from left to right as strongest to weakest prediction of essentiality. The Y-axis is the cumulative count of essential genes encountered moving left to right through the ranked genome. Line A is the ideal sorting, in which all essential

genes are placed at the top of the ranking. Line B is the sorting by MHS. Lines C are 10 random assortments of the genome. Percent sorting achieved by MHS and the p-value for the difference between the MHS score ranking B and 1000 random assortments such as in C are shown in the lower right. Graphs are ordered by descending genome size of the organism. E. coli, F. novicida, and M. genitalium show 10, 2 and 2 fewer total essential genes, respectively, than shown in Table 1 because the corresponding DEG genes are not able to be resolved to genomic genes and are omitted from the jackknife analysis. Prediction of essential genes in wBm by gene conservation across the order Rickettsiales While we are confident in the predictions of gene essentiality by MHS, those predictions only identify genes common to the reference set of bacteria Meloxicam in DEG. As there are no α-proteobacteria in DEG, genes uniquely essential to wBm might be missed by MHS analysis. We wished to perform a complementary analysis to predict additional genes important specifically to wBm and closely related organisms. wBm is a highly specialized obligate endosymbiont with a reduced genome [28]. While it seems reasonable that roughly 250 out of 805 wBm genes are essential across bacteria in general, it is likely that there is an additional set of genes essential specifically for the environmental niche inhabited by wBm.