Notes: Hypocrea alutacea is currently the only species of Hypocrea in Europe that

forms upright, stipitate stromata on logs lying on the ground. It has been mixed up with H. leucopus since Saccardo (1883a), and Atkinson (1905) synonymized the two species. Chamberlain et al. (2004) and Jaklitsch et al. (2008b) showed that H. leucopus and other species found on the ground on leaf litter in coniferous forests are different species, both morphologically and phylogenetically. No evidence supports the earlier view (see Winter 1885 [1887], p. 142) that the Ivacaftor mouse upright shape of H. alutacea (obviously meaning H. leucopus), would result from parasitism of basidiomes of a Clavaria or ascomata of a Spathularia by an effused Hypocrea stroma. Histone Methyltransferase antagonist Doi (1975) interpreted the specimen IMI 47042 with laterally fused stromata as Hypocrea brevipes Mont. Although lateral fusion of stromata was also described for H. brevipes by Samuels and Lodge (1996), probably only based on IMI 47042, there is no convincing evidence for this identification, because this morphological trait is not uncommon in H. alutacea. The tropical H. brevipes typically forms capitate stromata; it has not been found in Europe. Lateral ‘fusion’ of stromata or fasciculate

stromata on a common stipe may alternatively mean, that first a complex, large compound stroma is formed, which breaks up into several individual stromata during its development, as seen in many Hypocrea species forming pulvinate stromata. After several transfers the conidiation in H. alutacea BTSA1 cell line remains colourless or white on all media including CMD. Hypocrea leucopus (P. Karst.) H.L. Chamb., Karstenia 44: 16 (2004).

Fig. 30 Fig. 30 Teleomorph of Hypocrea leucopus. a–g. Dry stromata. h–k. Stroma surface in the stereo-microscope (h–j. dry, j. showing spore deposits, k. in 3% KOH after rehydration). l. Perithecium in section. m. Surface cells in face view. n. Cortical and subcortical tissue in section. o. Subperithecial tissue. p–s. Asci with ascospores (r, s. in cotton blue/lactic acid). a, d–f, h, i, k–o, r. WU 29231. b, j. Huhtinen 07/108. c, g, p, q, s. T. Rämä 21 Sep.07. Scale bars: a–e = 5 mm. f, g = 2 mm. h = 1 mm. i = 0.3 mm. j, k = 0.7 mm. l, o = 30 μm. m = 15 μm. n = 20 μm. p–s = 10 μm ≡ Podostroma leucopus P. Karst., Hedwigia 31: 294 (1892). Anamorph: Trichoderma leucopus Jaklitsch, Cytidine deaminase sp. nov. Fig. 31 Fig. 31 Cultures and anamorph of Hypocrea leucopus. a–d. Cultures after 21 days (a. on CMD. b. on PDA. c. on PDA, reverse. d. on SNA). e. Stromata on oatmeal agar (20°C, 3 weeks; photograph: G. Verkley, CBS). f–j. Conidiophores of effuse conidiation (f, g, i, j. CMD, 18 days; h. SNA, 9 days). k. Pachybasium-like conidiophores from overmature pustule (SNA, 21 days). l. Phialides of effuse conidiation (CMD, 18 days). m–p. Conidia (m, n. SNA, 21/9 days, m. from pustule; o, p. CMD, 18/5 days). a–p. All at 25°C except e. a–e, k, m, p. CBS 122499. f, g, i, j, l, o. CBS 122495. h, n. C.P.K. 3527. Scale bars: a–d = 15 mm.