Accucell photometer was used to measure sperm concentration in all samples, regardless fresh and frozen.
Semen samples were obtained 100% of the attempts using EE, 84% using RM and 96% using RM+EE. There were no differences among the collection methods for fresh semen quality characteristics, Z-IETD-FMK purchase including motility, morphology and viability, but pH and volume were higher for EE than RM and RM+EE. Higher sperm concentration was observed in semen collected by RM than the other two methods. Different age groups (2-3 and >3-4years old) of the bulls did not show significant differences in volume, pH, sperm concentration, percentages in motility, live/dead ratio and normal sperm morphology. The quality of semen for general and progressive motility, VAP, VSL and VCL and acrosomal NU7026 nmr integrity after thawing was higher for RM than EE. In conclusion, Bali bulls appeared to respond best
to EE and the combination of RM+EE than RM, as a method of semen collection, with a shorter time of stimulation required. Differences in age of the Bali bulls did not affect the semen quality.”
“Butorphanol tartrate is a synthetic opioid partial agonist analgesic. Butorphanol targets the heart, mainly via kappa-opioid receptor (kappa-OR) activation. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect and mechanism underlying butorphanol postconditioning (B-Post) on myocardial ischaemia reperfusion injury in rats.
Seventy-five male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups of 15 each: Group sham; Group I/R (ischaemia/reperfusion); Group B (butorphanol postconditioning); Group B/N (butorphanol postconditioning + antagonist of kappa-OR nor-binaltorphimine [Nor-BNI]); Group B/G (butorphanol postconditioning + nonselective ATP-sensitive potassium (K-ATP) channel blocker glibenclamide [GLI]). The left coronary anterior descending artery (LAD) was occluded for 30 min, followed by a 120-min reperfusion.
Blood samples were obtained at the end of reperfusion for determination of serum tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-6 concentrations. The hearts were then excised CRT0066101 concentration for determination of myocardial infarct size by triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. The myocardial tissues were used for determination of the expression of myocardial superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO).
Myocardial infarct size was significantly reduced in B (26.4 +/- 1.83%), B/N (34.5 +/- 1.56%) and B/G (31.5 +/- 1.27%) Groups compared with Group I/R (46.8 +/- 1.41%) (all P < 0. 001). The serum TNF-alpha and IL-6 concentrations and the MDA and MPO activities in the ischaemic area in B, B/N and B/G Groups were significantly lower than those in the I/R Group (all P < 0.001).