Experimental animals were randomly divided into four groups (10/per group) 1) PBS group; (2) HSV-TK group; (3) HSV-TK+ US group; (4) HSV-TK+MB+US group. In vivo transfection by ultrasound combined with HSV-TK gene microbubbles The microbubbles containing HSV-TK plasmid were injected through the tail vein of mice, 200 μl for each time. The mice were injected once every 3d and consecutively injected for 3 times. Group A: PBS (200 μl); Group B: HSV-TK (200 μl,

0.1 μg/μl); group C: US+HSV-TK (200 μl, 0.1 μg/μl); Group D: US+HSV-TK+MBs (200 μl, 0.1 μg/μl). Self-made ultrasonic gene transfection instrument (UTG 1025, Institute BMS345541 of Ultrasound Imaging of Chongqing Medical Sciences, Chongqing, China) was applied on C and D groups for irradiation after

the target gene injection, with the radiation frequency of 1 MHz, sound intensity of 2 W/cm2, and used pulse SU5402 irradiation method for 5 min, with the click here interval time of 10 s. Each mouse was intraperitoneally injected 0.2 ml (100 mg·kg-1·d-1) GCV (Roche, Switzerland) 48 h after irradiation, which last for 14 days. Western-blot Proteins were extracted using protein extraction reagent,48 hours after transfection and save at -20°C;, following a protocol provided by the manufacture. TK protein expression was detected with western-blot. 40 ml/L concentrated gel, 100 ml/L separation gel, pre-stained protein Marker 3.0 μL, 20 μg/hole sample total protein. Add sample into 100 mL/L SDS-PAGE followed by electrophoresis at 60 V. Change voltage to 100 V after 30 min. Get the gel when bromophenol blue ran to the bottom after 90 min. Synchronously transfer the protein to PVDF membrane at 20 V for 50 min. Seal for 4 h with 50 mL/L skim milk TBST at room temperature after trarsmembrane; add primary antibody (TK1 Polyclonal antibody, 1:500) (Abcam, United Kingdom) followed by incubation for 2 h at room temperature and staying overnight at 4°C;. Use TBST to wash membrane three times with 15 min/time. Add appropriate concentration of secondary

antibody combined with HRP (1:5000) for incubation followed by jiggle at room temperature for 2 h, washing membrane, imaging and exposure. The protein bands were normalized with β-actin, and all blots were quantified with Software Quantity One (Bio Rad). Detection of tumor cell apoptosis with TUNEL staining After the treatment, Farnesyltransferase the tumor tissues were routinely paraffin-embedded and made into 5 μm slices. The sections were dewaxed with xylene followed by gradient alcohol hydration. Add 20 μg/ml free-DNase protease K and keep at 37°C; for 15 minutes. Then wash three times with PBS followed by incubation in 3% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) at room temperature for 10 minutes. Then wash three times with PBS. Add 10 μl b-11-DUTP and 10 μL TDT to 1 ml Tunel buffer followed by reaction at 37°C; for 1 h and at room temperature for 1 h; Streptavidin-HRP (1:400) reaction for 30 min; 0.04% DAB+0.