For girls, negative attitudes toward cigarettes was associated wi

For girls, negative attitudes toward cigarettes was associated with lower odds of current smoking (OR = 0.84, p < .05), and this association was not significant selleck inhibitor for boys (OR = 0.94, p = ns). Associations of Negative Attitudes Toward Cigarettes With Contextual Factors Tables 3 and and44 show results of three hierarchical multiple regression models utilized to examine the associations of youth��s negative attitudes toward cigarettes with peer, parental, and environmental factors. Overall, the results show that peer factors had the greatest influence on Chilean youths�� negative attitudes toward cigarettes. As seen in Model 2 of Table 3, peer factors accounted for 18% of the variance in negative attitudes toward cigarettes, after controlling for age, gender, and SES.

In the analysis with boys only (second part of Table 4), peer factors accounted for 19% of the variance, and among girls (first part of Table 4), peer factors accounted for 16% of the variance. Furthermore, the results show that peer disapproval of smoking was associated with more negative attitudes toward cigarettes, and peer smoking was associated with less negative attitudes toward cigarettes. Specifically, youth with friends who smoked scored lower on negative attitudes toward cigarettes than those who did not have friends who smoked. The results also demonstrated that peer smoking had a greater influence on Chilean youth��s negative attitudes toward cigarettes than perceived peer disapproval. Peer pressure was not associated with negative attitudes toward cigarettes among the overall sample and among boys.

Table 3. Results of Hierarchical Multiple Regression Analyses Predicting Negative Attitudes Toward Smoking Among the Overall Sample Table 4. Results of Hierarchical Multiple Regression Analyses Predicting Negative Attitudes Toward Smoking by Gender As shown in Model 3 of Table 3, parental smoking was negatively associated with negative attitudes toward cigarettes in the overall sample, and parental control was associated with more negative attitudes. That is, youth with parents who smoked endorsed more positive cigarette attitudes than those without parents who smoked, and those who endorsed higher levels of parental control endorsed more negative cigarette attitudes. Additionally, as shown in Model 3 of Tables 3 and 4, parental factors were not associated with negative cigarette attitudes among boys.

As shown in Model 4 of Tables 3 and and4,4, school prevention and exposure to prosmoking ads had no effect on youth��s cigarette attitudes. Cigarette inaccessibility was positively associated with Drug_discovery adolescents�� negative cigarette attitudes. The more difficulty youth perceived accessing cigarettes, the more negative their attitudes. Discussion The theory of reasoned action is often used to explain why youth smoke.

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