The risk of re-adenoidectomy seems to be higher than hitherto reported by hospital-based studies. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“In this study, we looked for the role of the mitochondrion in the cytotoxicity of ochratoxin A (OTA), which is one of the most abundant food-contaminating mycotoxins in the world. In different human carcinoma cell lines, OTA BI 10773 triggered a mitochondria-dependent apoptotic process, which is characterized by opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTPC), loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (Delta Psi(m)), increase in O(2)[chemp](-) production,

mitochondrial relocalization of Bax, release of cytochrome c, and caspase activation. However, studies performed on purified organelles suggested that OTA does not directly target the mitochondrion. In addition, we showed that mitochondrial alterations induced by this mycotoxin are favored by the proapoptotic protein Bax, but not Bak. These alterations are prevented by the antiapoptotic proteins, Bcl-2 and to a lesser degree by Bcl-X(L). Taken together,

these data indicate that although mitochondria, PTPC members Z IETD FMK and proteins of Bcl-2 family play a pivotal role in OTA-induced apoptosis, they do not constitute real targets to overcome its toxicity. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 26: 579-590, 2011.”
“Background: Laryngomalacia is the most common congenital laryngeal anomaly and is associated with several disorders including gastric reflux, sleep apnea, hypotonia and failure to thrive. Pectus excavatum (PE) is the most common chest wall deformity affecting 1-300/1000 individuals. Though many authors presume a relationship between PE and laryngcimalacia, there

is no published data to establish this association.

Goal: To test the hypothesis that patients referred to our pediatric otolaryngology clinic for evaluation of laryngomalacia exhibit higher rates of PE than the general population.

Methods: Retrospective review of prospectively enrolled children who presented with laryngomalacia (January 2008-June 2012) to a tertiary care, hospital based, pediatric otolaryngology practice. Each chart was examined for a concurrent diagnosis GSK2245840 research buy of pectus deformity.

Results: Of the 137 laryngomalacia patients, 9 (6.6%) had documented PE. This represents a significantly increased rate of PE when compared to children without laryngomalacia (p = 0.001). Four of the 9 children with PE underwent supraglottoplasty for laryngomalacia, a significantly greater proportion than the 9/128 of the children with isolated laryngomalacia who underwent supraglottoplasty (p = 0.004).

Conclusions: This study suggests an association between laungomalacia and PE. Pediatric otolaryngolgists should be cognizant of this relationship, though further studies are needed to elucidate the nature of this association. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.